Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father whose remarkable intellect and versatility left an indelible mark on the nation’s early development. Born in Shadwell, Virginia, he studied law at the College of William & Mary before representing Virginia in the Continental Congress, where he drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776—a document that eloquently enshrined the principles of individual liberty and popular sovereignty. As governor of Virginia during the Revolutionary War, he championed religious freedom and the abolition of primogeniture, while later serving as U.S. minister to France (1785–1789), where he absorbed Enlightenment ideas that would shape his vision for the new republic. Elected as the third President of the United States (1801–1809), Jefferson orchestrated the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the nation’s territory, and commissioned the Lewis and Clark expedition, which expanded American geographic and scientific knowledge. A devoted scholar of architecture, agriculture, and education, he founded the University of Virginia in 1819, emphasizing a curriculum grounded in reason rather than rote learning. Though his legacy is complicated by his status as a slave owner, Jefferson’s writings and policies profoundly influenced the American commitment to republican government, religious liberty, and westward expansion.